{"id":4094,"date":"2024-03-12T20:43:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T00:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kingdomresourcesforchrist.com\/?post_type=article&p=4094"},"modified":"2025-08-07T17:48:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-07T21:48:39","slug":"ever-blossoming-mugunghwa","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/e-krc.org\/en\/article\/ever-blossoming-mugunghwa\/","title":{"rendered":"Continuously blooming infinite flowers: Characteristics of the historical development of the Korean Church"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The Korean Peninsula, located in the northeast corner of the Asian continent, extends into the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea, which are rich in seafood. It is adjacent to China through the natural barriers of Changbai Mountain and the Yalu River; it faces Japan across the Tsushima Strait. In this land that still seems to be attached to the mainland but is isolated by mountains and rivers, a nation with bright temperament and pure essence has been nurtured. For thousands of years, it has remained strong despite political, economic, and military turmoil. Just like the Infinity Flower, the national flower of Korea, even if it blooms in the morning and fades in the evening, it continues to bloom and is passed down from generation to generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was also here that Zheng Douyuan alone brought the good news of God's saving grace, just like the first infinite flower that sprouted its pistil. Even though it disappeared in an instant, the flower message was spread. During this period, despite the scorching heat and severe winter, it could not stop its strong vitality. More than two hundred years later, although the Iron Curtain blocked the northern part of the peninsula, the brocade could not be seen. But in the big cities and towns in the southern part of the peninsula, in the streets and alleys, whenever night falls, neon crosses light up, like endless blooming flowers, persistently spreading the fragrance of Christ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continuous scissors, chaos remains\u2014Relationships with neighbors China and Japan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The special geographical location of the Korean Peninsula, bounded by mountains and rivers and surrounded by sea on three sides, is sufficient to provide natural protection for an independent society and political power, but it is still inseparably connected to the land of Asia. This situation has resulted in a tangled relationship between North Korea and its neighbors, China and Japan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, it was recorded that at the end of the 11th century BC, at the end of the Shang Dynasty, Jizi, the uncle of King Zhou, introduced the etiquette system at that time to the Korean Peninsula and made him a prince of the Zhou Dynasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u25b2Ri Sung-gye, the founding monarch of the Joseon Dynasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After that, even though Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conquered Korea and established the so-called "Four Han Commanderies" in the northern part of the peninsula, Koreans sometimes resisted and even became independent. When China faced attacks from the Xiongnu and Xianbei from the north, its power on the Korean Peninsula also weakened relatively. After the integration of forces, the three kingdoms of Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo were formed. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Silla and Goryeo successively unified the Korean Peninsula; the Goryeo Dynasty had a close relationship with the Song Dynasty and was also a vassal of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1392 AD, during the reign of Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, Li Chenggui established the Li dynasty and was canonized by the Ming Dynasty starting from Emperor Taizong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1896, during the Xuantong period of the late Qing Dynasty, Russia supported Emperor Gaozong's ascension to the throne and established the Korean Empire. After the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, the power was controlled by Japan. In 1910, Japan and South Korea signed a treaty, and Japan officially annexed the Korean Peninsula and carried out colonial rule. When World War II ended in 1945, Japan was defeated and surrendered. The Korean Peninsula was taken over by the United States and the Soviet Union, and the 38th parallel was used as the boundary to divide North and South Korea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Looking at the history of Korea, due to its location between China and Japan, the ethics of respecting the elderly and the virtuous in Confucianism continues to influence today's society, which can be seen from the fact that many honorifics are still used in the language. Although it is rare to write Chinese characters, many Chinese and Japanese phrases can still be recognized in spoken language, such as pieces of paper (i.e., notes, letterheads), and building (same as Japanese, i.e. buildings). 11<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, North Korea often becomes a victim of the two countries' expansion of power. It has been subordinate to China for a long time and its political power has been restrained. For example, during the Yuan Dynasty, the Korean Peninsula was used as a springboard to attack Japan. Japan, which was bent on expanding outwards, was always eyeing the country and invaded many times. For example, in 1591, Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent troops to invade and once occupied Pyongyang. 22<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, when the gospel was spread to the Korean Peninsula, China and Japan each played key roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5343\u91cc\u5c0b\u771f\u74063<\/sup><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Around 1631, Zheng Douyuan came into contact with Catholicism for the first time when he went to China to pay tribute. He brought back The True Doctrine of the Lord of Heaven (The True Doctrine of the Lord of Heaven) by Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) from a Jesuit priest. ) and many books on astronomy and geography. In 1783, Li Chengxun went to China, hoping to learn Western religions from Catholic missionaries. Not only was he baptized, but he also brought back many books on Christian doctrine. Catholicism spread from there, growing from 4,000 believers in 1795 to 10,000 within six years before any missionaries arrived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1883, Japanese Christian Nagasaka landed in Busan and brought Chinese and Japanese Bibles, as well as Korean gospels and gospel tracts to the Korean Peninsula, becoming the pioneer of Protestant missionary work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8207\u4e2d\u3001\u65e5\u5ba3\u6559\u6b77\u53f2\u76f8\u8f03\uff0c\u97d3\u570b\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u5c07\u798f\u97f3\u5e36\u56de\u97d3\u570b\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7531\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u50b3\u5165\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6216\u65b0\u6559\uff0c\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u90fd\u662f\u8056\u7d93\u8207\u798f\u97f3\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u65b0\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u6578\u76ee\u80fd\u6210\u9577\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u8d85\u8d8a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u65b0\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u4ee5\u97d3\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u5e73\u6c11\u767e\u59d3\u7686\u5f97\u4ee5\u8a8d\u8b58\u798f\u97f3\u30024<\/sup>\u97d3\u6587\u7531\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u671d\u9bae\u674e\u671d\u7684\u4e16\u5b97\u6240\u5275\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u80fd\u7c21\u6613\u5730\u628a\u53e3\u8a9e\u5316\u70ba\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u5c0d\u7167\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5c07\u8056\u7d93\u8b6f\u70ba\u6f22\u5b57\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u300c\u5169\u73ed\u8cb4\u65cf\u300d\uff08\u8cb4\u65cf\u51fa\u9580\u5e36\u8457\u524d\u5f8c\u5169\u73ed\u96a8\u5f9e\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u5f97\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6f22\u5b57\u662f\u4e0a\u5c64\u793e\u6703\u83c1\u82f1\u5206\u5b50\u624d\u8b58\u5f97\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The multi-layered impact of gospel education<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u50b3\u8b1b\u798f\u97f3\u548c\u6559\u5c0e\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u624e\u6839\u65bc\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u57fa\u790e\u30025<\/sup>\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u8457\u6b0a\u67c4\u548c\u7be4\u5b9a\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9707\u64bc\u6df1\u53d7\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u5112\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u9593\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6c11\u773e\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u5f9e\u6559\u6703\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u9818\u8896\u6216\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u63a5\u53d7\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002\u8056\u7d93\u73ed\u8207\u4e3b\u65e5\u5d07\u62dc\u3001\u79b1\u544a\u6703\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6559\u6703\u805a\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are one or two two-week Bible course meetings every year. Many believers from rural areas come to participate at their own expense to lay the foundation of biblical knowledge for believers. In order to use the Korean Bible, believers must learn to read and write. This has prompted Christianity to quickly penetrate into the people and at the same time, it has invisibly improved the people's education level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Believers have a solid foundation of truth and can speak the Bible with authority in personal evangelism, and the scope goes beyond personal experience. A family begins when one person believes in the Lord. Through social, work, and local channels, endless flowers of the gospel bloom one after another, and then family members, relatives, friends, and neighbors are all added to the name of Christ one by one. This is the best example of what is called in missiology a "communal conversion movement." 66<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u25b2Alliance, the first missionary of the Protestant Presbyterian Church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Korean people were not satisfied with literacy. Their strong desire for knowledge promoted the original Bible classes and expanded the teaching content. They gradually took the form of elementary schools, and junior high schools and high schools were also established one after another. These Christian schools feature the teaching of Western subjects, including English, world history, science, and more. After 1910, these schools also became the main force competing with Japanese colonial education. 77<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just like when Catholicism entered the Korean Peninsula eastward, it was originally introduced by a group of scholars who were eager for Western scientific knowledge. Horace N. Allen (1858-1932), the first resident missionary of the Protestant Presbyterian Church, arrived in the Korean Peninsula in 1884. His first contribution was medical skills rather than faith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u6642\u8cb4\u65cf\u5206\u6210\u7684\u958b\u5316\u6d3e\u8207\u5b88\u820a\u6d3e\u722d\u9b25\u4e0d\u4f11\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u958b\u5316\u6d3e\u7d50\u5408\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u968a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u767c\u52d5\u653f\u8b8a\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7532\u7533\u653f\u8b8a\u300d\u30028<\/sup>\u827e\u4f55\u745e\u91ab\u751f\u6cbb\u7642\u4e86\u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u8cb4\u65cf\u9594\u6cf3\u7fca\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6280\u8853\u662f\u7576\u6642\u97d3\u570b\u4eba\u524d\u6240\u672a\u898b\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u827e\u91ab\u751f\u5f88\u5feb\u5f97\u5230\u4fe1\u4efb\u53ca\u8ca1\u52d9\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u9806\u5229\u5efa\u7acb\u5ee3\u60e0\u9662\uff08\u53d6\u7fa9\u300c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u65bd\u6069\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u6539\u7a31\u6fdf\u773e\u9662\uff08\u53d6\u7fa9\u300c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u52a9\u4eba\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u97d3\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u73fe\u4ee3\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5ef6\u4e16\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u5c6c\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u30029<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yonsei University and the nursing school that was subsequently established symbolized modern scientific knowledge in the minds of ordinary Korean people, so much so that Christianity was equated with modernization. During their time at school, many admiring students not only gained knowledge, but also learned the truth and became Christians. Christian universities such as Yonsei, Songsil, and Ewha Womans also trained a group of elites who entered Korean society and became leaders of the church and all walks of life. 1010<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u25b2Pastor Lee In-jae (fourth from left in the back row) took a group photo with his church brothers and sisters two days after he was released from prison on August 17, 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Determination to worship the true God<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The history of Korean Christianity is also a history of martyrdom soaked in blood and tears. From the beginning of its introduction, both missionaries and believers were persecuted because they refused to worship their ancestors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e5\u672c\u541e\u4f75\u97d3\u570b\u5f8c\uff0c\u66f4\u5f37\u8feb\u795e\u9053\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4fe1\u5f92\u5805\u6c7a\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u906d\u53d7\u56da\u7981\u3001\u9177\u5211\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u55aa\u5931\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6559\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u5982\u6b64\u82e6\u96e3\uff0c\u975e\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u82df\u4e14\u9003\u907f\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u7ad9\u5728\u7368\u7acb\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u524d\u7dda\u30021919\u5e74\u7c3d\u7f72\u7368\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u5345\u4e09\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5341\u4e94\u4f4d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u9818\u8896\u300211<\/sup>\u5728\u97d3\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4ea6\u7b49\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The story of Pastor Lee In-jae (1906\u223c2000) is just one of the common experiences of many anti-Japanese Christians. 1212<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Renzai received a traditional education and was deeply influenced by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius. He came into contact with the gospel at the age of eighteen and found that the teachings of Jesus were better than Confucianism, so he determined to follow Christ. After graduating from high school, he served as local government secretary and took on the responsibility of raising young children and taking care of his younger siblings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the Japanese government requires all public schools and institutions to worship Shinto. He had to decide at that time that if he adhered to his Christian faith, his promising future in public office would be ruined. In 1938, Inzai, who was in his prime, entered the only seminary without hesitation, determined to devote the rest of his life to expanding the kingdom of God.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after the seminary was closed, Pastor Li and other Christians became more active in opposing Shinto worship, believing that it violated the first three commands of the Ten Commandments and blasphemed the name of God. In 1940, he and many of his co-workers were arrested and imprisoned, and suffered inhumane treatment. Some co-workers even died in prison due to malnutrition and disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He was released when the Republic of Korea became independent in 1945. He completed his theological education two years later and was ordained as a priest in 1951. After immigrating to the United States in 1974, his passion for serving has not diminished. In the past thirty years, he has established and pastored five churches in Chicago, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Denver and other places.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pastor Li left public office because he refused Shinto worship, and he lived in poverty his whole life. Even if he later became a pastor, any extra income he had would be donated to the emerging seminaries. The youngest son, Ting Xiu, remembers that his father was always writing at his desk, preparing sermons; or he was studying the Bible without letting go of the book; he was tireless in his pursuit of the truth. Tingxiu said that such a gentle person who is not good at interacting with others "will never give in or compromise on moral and spiritual truths."<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pastor Li rarely mentioned the five years of imprisonment and did not consider it a particularly heroic act. He only encouraged the congregation during his sermons. He believed that Christians could be generous and martyred in the face of suffering; dying with Christ every day was a greater glory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pastor Lee In-jae\u2019s favorite verse, which is enough to explain his life\u2019s ministry, is what Paul said in 2 Corinthians 3:18:\u201cWe all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as by the Spirit of the Lord.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u25b2Bright and colorful Korean robes such as bright red, sapphire blue, gold, and dark green are just like the enthusiasm shown by Korean Christians in service and worship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A clear demonstration of faith<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

White symbolizes purity and is the color of traditional Korean clothing and ordinary civilian clothing, just like the single-mindedness of Korean Christians in their faith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bright and colorful Hanbok robes, such as bright red, sapphire blue, gold, dark green, etc., are just like the enthusiasm shown by Korean Christians in service and worship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Early missionaries actively reached out to Korean women. At that time, Bible courses and girls' schools had a profound impact on the improvement of women's education, and they also cultivated leaders who were enthusiastic about serving society. In the 1920s, two Korean female students came up with the idea of founding the Young Women's Christians Association (YWCA) after joining the World Christian Student Federation. Form a chapter. The ministry includes raising pigs to raise women's gospel funds, setting up kindergartens and night schools for migrant women, and opening a youth hall to provide safe accommodation for women who travel far or study away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The YWCA established widows' homes, orphanages, and vocational training centers after the Korean War in the 1950s. Ministries of all kinds are examples of faith in action. 1313<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1907\u5e74\uff0c\u5e73\u58e4\u4e2d\u592e\u6559\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u5927\u5fa9\u8208\uff0c\u5b9b\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u8056\u9748\u964d\u81e8\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u4e94\u65ec\u7bc0\uff0c\u6703\u773e\u9f4a\u8072\u79b1\u544a\u3001\u8a8d\u7f6a\u300214<\/sup>\u9019\u6b21\u5fa9\u8208\u4e0d\u50c5\u7576\u6642\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u570b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u97d3\u570b\u6559\u6703\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u656c\u62dc\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6a19\u7aff\u3002\u8d99\u93de\u57fa\u7267\u5e2b\u5275\u7acb\u7684\u6c5d\u77e3\u5cf6\u7d14\u798f\u97f3\u6559\u6703\uff08Yoido Full Gospel Church\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5834\u4e3b\u65e5\u5d07\u62dc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u5834\u5169\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u540d\u4fe1\u5f92\u9f4a\u8072\u5411\u795e\u547c\u6c42\u7684\u9707\u64bc\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u9818\u7565\u8056\u9748\u4e4b\u706b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u300215<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53ea\u8981\u63d0\u53ca\u97d3\u570b\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u4fbf\u662f\u6e05\u6668\u79b1\u544a\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u8a31\u591a\u4fe1\u5f92\u9ece\u660e\u5373\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u73ed\u3001\u4e0a\u5b78\u524d\u81f3\u6559\u6703\u79b1\u544a\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u4e26\u5728\u90ca\u5340\u8a2d\u7acb\u79b1\u544a\u5c71\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fe1\u5f92\u8f03\u9577\u6642\u9593\u9748\u4fee\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u539f\u4f86\u81ea\u97d3\u6230\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5317\u97d3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u9003\u81f3\u5357\u97d3\u3002\u5357\u97d3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5206\u4eab\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u4ee5\u884c\u52d5\u8868\u73fe\u5c0d\u4e3b\u5167\u80a2\u9ad4\u7684\u611b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u540c\u5fc3\u65bc\u6e05\u6668\u524d\u5f80\u6559\u6703\u79b1\u544a\u3001\u7981\u98df\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5ef6\u7e8c\u81f3\u4eca\u300216<\/sup>\u53ef\u898b\u5982\u6b64\u6301\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6046\u7684\u79b1\u544a\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u5076\u906d\u56f0\u96e3\u6642\u7684\u61c9\u6025\u4e4b\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Korean church attaches great importance to missions, and the number of missionaries ranks second in the world, second only to the United States. Please see the detailed report in this issue\u2019s \u201cCountry Outreach\u201d section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When I reflect on the history of the Korean church and try to analyze the causes of its development, I do find many characteristics of history and circumstances. The infinite flower of the gospel was brought to the land of the Korean Peninsula by one person. After repeated changes in political power and turmoil in the country, it was still planted and watered by people. The Korean people's persistence in pursuing the truth, their perseverance in maintaining faith, their all-out service, and their energetic heart of worship have enabled the Christian faith to continue to bloom to this day, not only spreading throughout Korea, but also spreading to the ends of the earth. Fragrant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It turns out that the apostle Paul had already witnessed:"But God gave him the growth." (See 1 Corinthians 3:6)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note<\/strong>
1.www.en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/sino-korean_vocabulary
2.www.myhome.shinbiro.com\/mssl\/history.html\/
3.www.injaelee.org\/k_church_history.html
4. Clark, Donald N. \u201cChristianity in Modern Korea.\u201d www.aasianst.org\/eaaa\/clark-korea.pdf
5.Moffett, Samuel H. \u201cWhat Makes the Korean Church Grow?\u201d November, 1973, Christianity Today. www.christianitytoday.com\/ct\/2007\/januaryweb-only\/105-33.0html
6. Same as note 5.
7. Same as note 4.
8.http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%
8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2
9.www.en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Horace_Newton_Allen
10. Same as note 4.
11. Feng Wenna, "Exploring the Causes of the Revival of Korean Churches", http:\/\/credove.bokee.com\/viewdiary.15425331.html
12.http:\/\/injaelee.org\/bio_summary2.html
13. Same as note 4.
14. Liu Xiaoting, "What You Don't Know About South Korea", http:\/\/enrhka.blogspot.com\/2007\/03\/blog-post_8895.html
15. Same as note 4.
16. Same as note 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Are Korean Christians anti-Japanese?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

Sincere thanks
Assistance from Professor Lee Jung-soo, son of Pastor Lee In-jae. Professor Li currently teaches at Widner University in Pennsylvania, serving as an assistant professor of philosophy, ethics, and world religions. He chairs a consulting firm (EEO 21) that handles complaints in discrimination cases.
He lives in Pennsylvania with his wife and daughter. For his detailed introduction, please refer to www.chungsolee.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Author Bio:
Lin Minwen loves reading and listening to classical music, and most admires Miura Ayako and Beethoven. She is committed to writing and serving God.<\/p>\n\n\n